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The concept of using biological process in soil improvement, which is known as bio-mediated soil improvement, has shown more potential in geotechnical engineering applications in terms of performance and environmental sustainability. This article provides an overview of the soil microorganisms responsible for this process and the factors that affect their metabolic activities and compatibility with the soil, as well as the mechanism of biomineralization. Environmental and other factors that may occur in situ during microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and their effects on the process were identified and presented. Improvements in soil engineering properties such as strength, stiffness and permeability have been investigated as evaluated in some studies.
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